There are more newcomers to Finland than ever before. One of the biggest challenges for language education is to develop pedagogical methods that facilitate adult learners’ access to social encounters in Finnish and help them develop techniques for supporting their own language learning. This article brings together research that has investigated adult second language learners’ language use and development in different everyday encounters. We approach language learning as social action that is manifested at the microlevel in details of interaction. The research we discuss highlights the multimodality of language and interaction and sheds light on the situated, social, and distributed nature of cognition.