In this paper, we argue that the classical conception concerning the relation between animals and humans in Western philosophy is anthropocentric. Notwithstanding the traditional outlook which has emphasized the substantial difference between animal and human intellect, we contend that this classical position has been overturned during the epistemological-evolutionist shift culminated in the 18th and 19th centuries. The paper is constructed in the following way. First, we shall survey the classical, anthropocentric position which includes roughly the time line from antiquity to early modern period. Second, we will analyze Hume’s epistemological arguments which undermine the uniqueness of human intellect, and the inspiration it gave to Darwin for his naturalistic world view which contributed to his work on evolution and natural selection. Third, our conclusion will be that, as the human-animal dichotomy has broken down, arguments which exclude moral status from all animals have become untenable.