Beliefs about teaching are integrated into teaching practices and instructional goals that impact teachers’ professional development. The aim of the research was to identify the beliefs that student-teachers and school-based teacher educators have about the development of pupils’ cognitive and social competences. First-year student-teachers and school-based teacher educators completed a questionnaire. The results revealed that the teachers’ beliefs vary according to their teaching experience. The student teachers preferred practices that were aimed at mechanical acquisition. The teacher educators’ choices of teaching practices were aimed at developing the pupils’ learning competences and the implementation of competence-based tasks. To support the student-teacher’s professional development and formation of their beliefs, it is important to implement different combinations of teaching practices.