Finland is currently undergoing one of the most significant administrative reforms in Finnish history: the reform of social and health services and rescue services, ie the SOTE reform. Knowledge management has been identified as one of the basic preconditions for the success of the SOTE reform. The role of personnel in the organization of SOTE services is significant, which has become even more important during the recent strikes. The purpose of this master's thesis was to find out the opportunities, challenges and needs of knowledge management in the social and healthcare sector from the perspective of human resource management, as there is only a little previous research on the topic. This master’s thesis includes two parts: a literature review and an empirical study. The empirical study was carried out as a qualitative study, in which key experts were interviewed through semi-structured thematic interviews. The results of the study were analysed using a thematic analysis method. Based on the results of this thesis, knowledge management is seen as offering huge opportunities in the social and healthcare sector, such as better competitive advantage, personnel planning, and competence management. With knowledge management, it is possible to get the right number of staff in the right place, at the right time and with the right skills. However, several challenges and needs for knowledge management were also identified. The main challenges were related to the connectivity of information, technologies, the utilization of information, and the operating culture and management. This master’s thesis provides a top-level overview of the opportunities, challenges and needs of knowledge management in the social and healthcare sector from the perspective of human resource management.